Ditto B
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Psychophysiology. 1993 Nov;30(6):635-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02089.x.
Two hundred healthy adolescent to middle-aged individuals (12-44 years, M = 20 years) were tested in a standardized stress protocol. These individuals comprised 20 monozygotic female, 20 monozygotic male, 20 same-sex dizygotic female, 20 same-sex dizygotic male, and 20 opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Familial influences on heart rate, blood pressure, and self-report anxiety responses to four different kinds of stressors (Visual-Verbal Test for Conceptual Thought, mental arithmetic, isometric handgrip, cold pressor) were assessed using biometrical genetic model fitting. Evidence of significant genetic effects on resting heart rate and blood pressure was obtained, providing heritability estimates of .65, .63, and .58 for resting heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Cardiovascular reactivity to the Visual-Verbal Test, mental arithmetic, and the cold pressor test appeared to be primarily influenced by genetic and idiosyncratic (nonfamilial) environmental factors, whereas reactivity to handgrip was more related to effects of the family environment. The results of multivariate model fitting suggested that the genetic effects on reactivity were relatively independent of those affecting resting heart rate and blood pressure and that there was significant overlap of genetic influences on heart rate and blood pressure responses to the two active coping tasks.
200名健康的青少年至中年个体（年龄在12 - 44岁之间，平均年龄M = 20岁）接受了标准化应激方案测试。这些个体包括20对单卵女性双胞胎、20对单卵男性双胞胎、20对同性双卵女性双胞胎、20对同性双卵男性双胞胎以及20对异性双卵双胞胎。采用生物统计学遗传模型拟合方法，评估了家族因素对心率、血压以及对四种不同应激源（概念思维视觉 - 言语测试、心算、等长握力、冷加压）的自我报告焦虑反应的影响。获得了静息心率和血压存在显著遗传效应的证据，静息心率、收缩压和舒张压的遗传率估计分别为0.65、0.63和0.58。对视觉 - 言语测试、心算和冷加压测试的心血管反应性似乎主要受遗传和特异（非家族性）环境因素影响，而对手握力测试的反应性则与家庭环境的影响更为相关。多变量模型拟合结果表明，对反应性的遗传效应相对独立于影响静息心率和血压的效应，并且在对两项主动应对任务的心率和血压反应的遗传影响方面存在显著重叠。
