Zijlstra E E, el-Hassan A M
Leishmania Research Group, Medical Research Council, Khartoum, Sudan.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1993 Jul-Aug;87(4):425-7. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(93)90024-k.
The application of leishmanin and tuberculin skin tests was studied in patients with leishmaniasis in the Sudan. 35 cases of active kala-azar and 3 relapse cases were leishmanin negative. 81% of patients treated for kala-azar showed a positive reaction after 6 months. 17 of 29 patients with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) were leishmanin positive. 2 of 16 patients with kala-azar tested with tuberculin were positive; one was diagnosed as tuberculosis. In 7 initially tuberculin negative patients, the tuberculin test became positive after treatment. A new Leishmania major skin test antigen (Pasteur Institute, Iran) was more reactive than other antigens in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and PKDL, but not in treated kala-azar cases. In a field study in an area of endemic kala-azar, the new L. major antigen proved more reactive both in individuals previously exposed to L. major (causing cutaneous leishmaniasis) and in those with past exposure to L. donovani. The literature concerning skin testing with leishmanin and tuberculin in kala-azar is reviewed.
在苏丹，对利什曼病患者进行了利什曼原虫素和结核菌素皮肤试验的应用研究。35例活动性黑热病患者和3例复发患者利什曼原虫素试验呈阴性。81%接受黑热病治疗的患者在6个月后出现阳性反应。29例黑热病后皮肤利什曼病（PKDL）患者中有17例利什曼原虫素试验呈阳性。16例接受结核菌素检测的黑热病患者中有2例呈阳性；其中1例被诊断为结核病。7例最初结核菌素试验呈阴性的患者在治疗后结核菌素试验转为阳性。一种新的硕大利什曼原虫皮肤试验抗原（伊朗巴斯德研究所）在皮肤利什曼病、黏膜皮肤利什曼病和PKDL患者中比其他抗原反应性更强，但在接受治疗的黑热病患者中并非如此。在一个黑热病流行地区的现场研究中，新的硕大利什曼原虫抗原在先前接触过硕大利什曼原虫（导致皮肤利什曼病）的个体以及过去接触过杜氏利什曼原虫的个体中均显示出更强的反应性。本文对有关黑热病中利什曼原虫素和结核菌素皮肤试验的文献进行了综述。
