Scorza Breanna M, Carvalho Edgar M, Wilson Mary E
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Instituto de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 18;18(6):1296. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061296.
The leishmaniases are diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan parasites of the genus Infections are initiated when a sand fly vector inoculates parasites into the skin of a mammalian host. causes a spectrum of inflammatory cutaneous disease manifestations. The type of cutaneous pathology is determined in part by the infecting species, but also by a combination of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory host immune response factors resulting in different clinical outcomes. This review discusses the distinct cutaneous syndromes described in humans, and current knowledge of the inflammatory responses associated with divergent cutaneous pathologic responses to different species. The contribution of key hematopoietic cells in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mouse models are also reviewed and compared with those observed during human infection. We hypothesize that local skin events influence the ensuing adaptive immune response to spp. infections, and that the balance between inflammatory and regulatory factors induced by infection are critical for determining cutaneous pathology and outcome of infection.
利什曼病是由利什曼原虫属的致病性原生动物寄生虫引起的疾病。当白蛉媒介将寄生虫接种到哺乳动物宿主的皮肤中时，感染就会开始。利什曼原虫会引发一系列炎症性皮肤疾病表现。皮肤病理学类型部分由感染的利什曼原虫物种决定，但也由炎症和抗炎宿主免疫反应因素的组合决定，从而导致不同的临床结果。本综述讨论了人类中描述的不同皮肤综合征，以及与对不同利什曼原虫物种的不同皮肤病理反应相关的炎症反应的当前知识。还综述了小鼠模型中实验性皮肤利什曼病中关键造血细胞的作用，并与人类感染期间观察到的情况进行了比较。我们假设局部皮肤事件会影响随后对利什曼原虫属感染的适应性免疫反应，并且感染诱导的炎症和调节因子之间的平衡对于确定皮肤病理学和感染结果至关重要。
