Strange K
Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1993 Oct;7(5):689-97. doi: 10.1007/BF00852580.
Maintenance of the ionic and osmotic composition and volume of intra- and extracellular fluids in the brain is crucial for normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Osmoregulation in the CNS is mediated by solute and water transport across the blood-brain barrier, choroid plexus and plasma membrane of glial cells and neurons. Despite its clinical and physiological significance, however, little is known about the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which CNS osmotic and ionic balance is maintained. In this review, I will discuss our current understanding of cell volume regulation in the CNS and how it relates to various disease processes, such as hyponatremia, renal failure and hypernatremia. A detailed understanding of brain osmoregulatory processes represents a fundamental physiological problem and is required for the treatment of numerous disease states, particularly those encountered in the practice of nephrology.
维持脑内细胞内液和细胞外液的离子、渗透压组成及容量，对中枢神经系统（CNS）的正常功能至关重要。中枢神经系统的渗透压调节是通过溶质和水跨血脑屏障、脉络丛以及神经胶质细胞和神经元的质膜转运来介导的。然而，尽管其具有临床和生理意义，但对于维持中枢神经系统渗透压和离子平衡的潜在细胞及分子机制却知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我将讨论我们目前对中枢神经系统细胞容积调节的理解，以及它与各种疾病过程（如低钠血症、肾衰竭和高钠血症）的关系。对脑渗透压调节过程的详细理解是一个基本的生理问题，也是治疗众多疾病状态（尤其是肾脏病临床实践中遇到的疾病）所必需的。
