Rounds J B, Zevon M A
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61820.
J Behav Med. 1993 Oct;16(5):485-96. doi: 10.1007/BF00844818.
The body of empirical research investigating the structure of stereotypes held by the physically healthy population toward individuals with medically related problems is remarkably small. This is particularly true for stereotypes related to cancer. This study adopted a multidimensional scaling (MDS) strategy in order to identify medically related stereotype dimensions for cancer and other illnesses. Sixty-eight subjects judged the similarity of cancer and eleven other medical conditions and rated each on 7-point attribute scales. A two-dimensional solution of respondents' similarity judgments was found and four distinct clusters of related conditions were perceived: (1) cancer and other illnesses with controllable risk factors, (2) conditions affecting motor function, (3) psychological/functional disorders and (4) communication/sensory functional disorders. Regression of mean attribute ratings onto the MDS disability coordinates labeled the two dimensions Normality and Physical Health. Implications of these dimensions for planning effective programs to change stereotypes and improve attitudes toward individuals with cancer and other medical conditions are discussed.
针对身体健康人群对患有医学相关问题的个体所持刻板印象结构进行实证研究的文献数量非常少。与癌症相关的刻板印象尤其如此。本研究采用多维标度法（MDS）来确定与癌症及其他疾病相关的医学刻板印象维度。68名受试者判断了癌症与其他11种疾病的相似性，并在7分量表上对每种疾病的属性进行评分。研究得出了受试者相似性判断的二维解决方案，并识别出四个不同的相关疾病集群：（1）癌症及其他具有可控风险因素的疾病，（2）影响运动功能的疾病，（3）心理/功能障碍，以及（4）沟通/感觉功能障碍。将平均属性评分回归到MDS残疾坐标上，标记出“正常性”和“身体健康”这两个维度。本文讨论了这些维度对于规划有效项目以改变刻板印象并改善对癌症患者及其他患有医学相关疾病个体态度的意义。
