Occhipinti E, Colombini D, Molteni G, Grieco A
Research Unit, EPM Ergonomics of Posture and Movement, Italy.
Med Lav. 1993 Jul-Aug;84(4):274-85.
On the basis of a critical overview of specialised ergonomics literature and of national and international standards on the subjects, this paper outlines the main ergonomic requirements and characteristics for work chairs. The main ergonomic requirements for work chairs are the following:
the chair should not be the source or cause of accidents. Adaptability: the chair's dimensions and control features should be such that they meet the anthropometric characteristics of at least 90% of the potential users. Comfort: the chair should be physiologically comfortable for the user. To this end, the following are all important features: seat-plane and backrest contours, backrest height and inclination adjustability, padding and covering materials that allow the body to breath. Practicality: the chair, and in particular the control features, should be practical and easy to control use. Durability: the chair should offer good wear and durability of its components and controls. Suitability for the job: the chair should be appropriately designed for the intended type of job and working environment. For each of these requirements single parameters are considered and for each parameter specific qualitative and/or quantitative data are given in order to class each single item as: "not acceptable", "acceptable" or "good", as regards standards and regulations, anthropometric parameters and intended uses. Criteria are given for a concise assessment of each of the six main requirements and for a comprehensive assessment of the "ergonomic quality" of the work chair.
基于对专业人体工程学文献以及国内外相关主题标准的批判性综述，本文概述了工作椅的主要人体工程学要求和特性。工作椅的主要人体工程学要求如下：
椅子不应成为事故的源头或起因。适应性：椅子的尺寸和调节功能应能满足至少90%潜在使用者的人体测量学特征。舒适性：椅子应让使用者在生理上感到舒适。为此，以下这些都是重要特性：座面和靠背轮廓、靠背高度和倾斜度可调节性、能让身体透气的衬垫和覆盖材料。实用性：椅子，尤其是调节功能，应实用且易于操作使用。耐用性：椅子的部件和调节装置应具备良好的耐磨性和耐用性。适合工作：椅子应针对预期的工作类型和工作环境进行适当设计。针对这些要求中的每一项，都考虑了单个参数，并针对每个参数给出了具体的定性和/或定量数据，以便根据标准和法规、人体测量参数及预期用途，将每个单项归类为“不可接受”、“可接受”或“良好”。给出了对六项主要要求中每一项进行简要评估以及对工作椅“人体工程学质量”进行综合评估的标准。
