Heckels J E, Blackett B, Everson J S, Ward M E
J Gen Microbiol. 1976 Oct;96(2):359-64. doi: 10.1099/00221287-96-2-359.
Isoelectric focusing showed that Neisseria gonorrhoeae has an overall negative surface charge. Chemical modification of protein amino or carboxyl groups changed the surface charge and thereby altered the ability of the organisms to attach to human amnion cells grown in tissue culture. Attachment of modified and unmodified N. gonorrhoeae was increased by the presence of pili only when the bacteria bore a negative surface charge. Thus an important factor in the pathogenesis of gonorrhoea may be the ability of pili to facilitate attachment of N. gonorrhoeae by overcoming the initial electrostatic repulsive barrier which exists between it and the host cell.
等电聚焦显示，淋病奈瑟菌具有整体负表面电荷。蛋白质氨基或羧基的化学修饰改变了表面电荷，从而改变了该生物体附着于组织培养中生长的人羊膜细胞的能力。仅当细菌带有负表面电荷时，菌毛的存在才会增加修饰和未修饰的淋病奈瑟菌的附着。因此，淋病发病机制中的一个重要因素可能是菌毛通过克服其与宿主细胞之间存在的初始静电排斥屏障来促进淋病奈瑟菌附着的能力。
