Carrier-mediated uptake and presentation of a major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted peptide.

Antigenic peptides derived from endogenous or viral proteins can associate with class I or class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, while exogenous antigens are endocytosed, processed intracellularly and presented on MHC class II molecules. Here we describe a method that allows the presentation of an MHC class I-restricted antigenic peptide on MHC class I molecules, although it was taken up from the outside. The HLA-A2-restricted influenza virus matrix protein-derived peptide (flu, 57-68) was used either in soluble form or coupled via an S-S bridge to transferrin (Tf-flu). Target cells were incubated with flu or Tf-flu and the effective antigen presentation was detected in a cytotoxicity assay using flu peptide-specific, HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Sensitization of target cells with Tf-flu required 5 to 10 times higher molar concentrations of peptide compared to sensitization with soluble free peptide. The Tf-flu construct was taken up by the cells via the Tf receptor (CD71) as the binding of Tf-flu was blocked by an excess of Tf. In contrast to the flu peptide, cytotoxicity elicited by Tf-flu was blocked by brefeldin A but not by chloroquine nor inhibitors of intracellular reducing steps, like 1-buthionine-(s,r)-sulfoximine or n-ethylmaleimide. Presentation of the flu peptide derived from Tf-flu construct is not hindered in the mutant T2 cell line, which lacks genes coding for transporter proteins for antigenic peptides (TAP1/TAP2) and proteasomes subunits, suggesting that the processing pathway described in this report may involve TAP-independent steps.