居家健康护理客户：特征、护理结果及护理干预措施。
Home health clients: characteristics, outcomes of care, and nursing interventions.
作者信息
Martin K S, Scheet N J, Stegman M R
机构信息
Visiting Nurse Association of Omaha, NE.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1993 Dec;83(12):1730-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.12.1730.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to provide descriptive data about the characteristics of home health clients, the services that nurses provide, and the outcomes of those services. Such data have been sparse.
METHODS
This study examined 2403 home health clients served by four agencies in Nebraska, New Jersey, and Wisconsin. Demographic, health history, and clinical data were analyzed. The Omaha System was used as the model for describing and measuring data specific to clients' health-related problems, nursing interventions, and outcomes of care.
RESULTS
The median age of home health clients was 68.6 years. Nurses conducted 70% of all home visits, identified 9107 client problems, and provided over 96,000 interventions. Between admission and dismissal, clients improved by at least 0.52 point on three 5-point problem-specific outcome subscales (Knowledge, Behavior, and Status).
CONCLUSIONS
These data show important characteristics of home health clients in a large national sample. They also support the usefulness of the Omaha System in describing and quantifying nursing practice in the community health setting. The magnitude of positive client change between admission and dismissal suggests that community health services do make a difference.
目的
本研究旨在提供有关居家健康护理客户特征、护士提供的服务以及这些服务结果的描述性数据。此类数据一直较为匮乏。
方法
本研究对在内布拉斯加州、新泽西州和威斯康星州的四个机构服务的2403名居家健康护理客户进行了调查。分析了人口统计学、健康史和临床数据。奥马哈系统被用作描述和衡量与客户健康相关问题、护理干预及护理结果的特定数据的模型。
结果
居家健康护理客户的年龄中位数为68.6岁。护士进行了所有家访的70%，识别出9107个客户问题，并提供了超过96000次干预。在入院和出院之间，客户在三个5分制的特定问题结果子量表（知识、行为和状态）上至少提高了0.52分。
结论
这些数据显示了一个大型全国样本中居家健康护理客户的重要特征。它们还支持奥马哈系统在描述和量化社区卫生环境中的护理实践方面的有用性。入院和出院之间客户积极变化的程度表明社区卫生服务确实有作用。
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