Sundström G A
GTE Laboratories Incorporated, Waltham, MA 02254.
Ergonomics. 1993 Nov;36(11):1413-23. doi: 10.1080/00140139308968009.
Dynamic task environments in supervisory control situations differ from those traditionally investigated in problem-solving research in that (1) several task goals exist in parallel, (2) task goals change dynamically as the behaviour of the technical process changes, and (3) information required to accomplish task goals changes across time. In the present work, it is suggested that such dynamic task environments can be described using two types of task goal networks, namely a control task goal (CTG) network and an information processing goal (IPG) network. CTG networks are generated by analysis of the operational states required to produce the commodity for which a technical system has been designed. For example, such analyses can be performed using approaches such as Mitchell's operator function model or canonical means-end analyses. IPG networks are generated by using the recently proposed functional information and knowledge acquisition (FIKA) modelling technique. Two examples from different domains illustrate how these task goals networks can be used to describe dynamic task environments. Finally, two different ways of using the task modelling approach are briefly discussed.
监控控制情境中的动态任务环境与传统问题解决研究中所研究的环境不同，因为：（1）多个任务目标并行存在；（2）任务目标随着技术过程行为的变化而动态变化；（3）完成任务目标所需的信息随时间而变化。在本研究中，有人提出，可以使用两种类型的任务目标网络来描述这种动态任务环境，即控制任务目标（CTG）网络和信息处理目标（IPG）网络。CTG网络是通过分析生产技术系统所设计产品所需的运行状态生成的。例如，可以使用诸如米切尔的算子功能模型或规范手段-目的分析等方法来进行此类分析。IPG网络是使用最近提出的功能信息与知识获取（FIKA）建模技术生成的。来自不同领域的两个例子说明了这些任务目标网络如何用于描述动态任务环境。最后，简要讨论了使用任务建模方法的两种不同方式。
