Dielman T E, Butchart A T, Shope J T
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
J Drug Educ. 1993;23(3):273-316. doi: 10.2190/8YXM-K9GB-B8FD-82NQ.
A survey of 1,340 students in grades six through twelve was conducted to test, in the context of structural equation models, the predictive validity of a theoretical model of antecedents of adolescent alcohol use and misuse. Constructs including parents' alcohol use, older siblings alcohol use, parents' approval of students alcohol use, older sibling approval of students alcohol use, peer use and approval of alcohol use (PUA), parental nurturance, parental permissiveness, child's grade in school, susceptibility to peer pressure (SPP), and deviant self-image, were included. The final iterations of the models accounted for more than half of the variance in both alcohol use and alcohol misuse. In a standardized solution, the two largest direct effects on both adolescent alcohol use and misuse were from SPP and PUA. When a seven item measure of SPP, including three items specific to alcohol use was used, the SPP latent variable accounted for a somewhat greater percentage of the variance in adolescent alcohol use and misuse than did the latent variable of PUA. When the three alcohol-specific items were deleted from SPP, however, PUA accounted for more variance than SPP. Other predictors, including parental behaviors, proved to be significant when their indirect effects were evaluated. Models predicting alcohol use and alcohol misuse were similar. SPP, PUA, and other significant predictors should be included in future models predicting adolescent alcohol use and misuse, as well as in future interventions targeting these behaviors. Longitudinal studies should be used to test these findings. Evaluation of prevention should include examination of possible interactions of these predictors with each other and with subject subgroup classifications.
对1340名六年级至十二年级的学生进行了一项调查，以便在结构方程模型的背景下，检验青少年饮酒及酗酒先兆理论模型的预测效度。研究构建因素包括父母的饮酒情况、年长兄弟姐妹的饮酒情况、父母对学生饮酒的认可、年长兄弟姐妹对学生饮酒的认可、同伴饮酒及对饮酒的认可（PUA）、父母的养育方式、父母的宽容程度、孩子的在校年级、对同伴压力的易感性（SPP）以及偏差自我形象。模型的最终迭代解释了饮酒和酗酒差异的一半以上。在标准化解决方案中，对青少年饮酒和酗酒影响最大的两个直接因素是SPP和PUA。当使用包含三项特定于饮酒的项目的七项SPP测量指标时，SPP潜在变量在青少年饮酒和酗酒差异中所占的百分比略高于PUA潜在变量。然而，当从SPP中删除这三项特定于酒精的项目时，PUA解释的差异比SPP更多。在评估其他预测因素（包括父母行为）的间接影响时，发现它们具有显著性。预测饮酒和酗酒的模型相似。在未来预测青少年饮酒和酗酒的模型以及针对这些行为的未来干预措施中，应纳入SPP、PUA和其他重要预测因素。应使用纵向研究来检验这些发现。预防评估应包括考察这些预测因素彼此之间以及与受试者亚组分类之间可能的相互作用。
