Zayed S M, Amer S M, Nawito M F, Farghaly M, Amer H A, Fahmy M A, Mahdy F
Department of Organic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
J Environ Sci Health B. 1993 Dec;28(6):711-29. doi: 10.1080/03601239309372850.
Succinate-14C-malathion penetrates readily into soybean seeds. The total internal residues inside the seeds amounted to 58-65% of the applied dose after 30 weeks, of which 8-9% were in the form of bound residues. The major part of the internal methanol extractables are chloroform soluble metabolites which include malathion (about 60%), monocarboxylic acid (15%) and its decarboxylation product (8%). The water soluble metabolites contained only one radioactive substance, namely malathion dicarboxylic acid. The toxicological potential of the total internal residues was studied by feeding mice with the washed seeds for about 2.5 months. Treated mice suffered from deterioration of hepatic and renal function as indicated by the observed increased level of blood serum esterases and blood urea nitrogen. The results of blood biochemistry are supported by the histopathological changes observed in the liver, kidney, stomach and intestine. The organs showed degenerative changes including leucocytic aggregation, congestion and dilatation of blood vessels. Other adverse effects caused by malathion residues are indicated from cytogenetic studies on bone marrow of treated mice. Studies showed an initial bone marrow toxicity as indicated by increase in percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes over controls. This effect diminished upon prolongation of feeding period over one month. Feeding with malathion residues affected a gradual increase, with feeding period, in the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei, a parameter recommended for detecting chemical mutagenes in animal test systems.
琥珀酸 - 14C - 马拉硫磷能轻易穿透大豆种子。30周后，种子内部的总残留量相当于施用量的58 - 65%，其中8 - 9%为结合态残留。内部甲醇可提取物的主要部分是氯仿可溶代谢物，包括马拉硫磷（约60%）、一元羧酸（15%）及其脱羧产物（8%）。水溶性代谢物仅含有一种放射性物质，即马拉硫磷二羧酸。通过用洗净的种子喂养小鼠约2.5个月，研究了种子内部总残留的毒理学潜力。经处理的小鼠出现肝功能和肾功能恶化，表现为血清酯酶和血尿素氮水平升高。血液生化结果得到肝脏、肾脏、胃和肠道组织病理学变化的支持。这些器官出现了退行性变化，包括白细胞聚集、血管充血和扩张。对经处理小鼠骨髓的细胞遗传学研究表明了马拉硫磷残留引起的其他不良反应。研究显示，与对照组相比，多染性红细胞百分比增加表明最初存在骨髓毒性。随着喂养期延长超过一个月，这种效应减弱。用马拉硫磷残留喂养会导致多染性红细胞中微核百分比随着喂养期逐渐增加，微核是动物试验系统中用于检测化学诱变剂的一个指标。
