Intraub H, Bodamer J L
Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 Nov;19(6):1387-97. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.6.1387.
Viewers remember seeing more of a scene than was actually depicted in a photograph, a phenomenon called boundary extension (H. Intraub & M. Richardson, 1989). We tested whether prior warning would eliminate this distortion, by having 81 Ss view 12 photographs of simple scenes for 15 s each after receiving 1 of 3 encoding instructions. All subjects were told to remember each picture in detail. Control Ss received no additional information. Test-informed Ss received prior warning about the type of tests. Demo Ss experienced a demonstration of the phenomenon and were instructed to guard against it. After presentation, a drawing task and a boundary recognition test were administered. Prior warning sometimes reduced, but never eliminated, boundary extension. We suggest the phenomenon reflects activation of scene expectations during perception.
观看者记得看到的场景比照片实际呈现的更多，这种现象被称为边界扩展（H. 因特拉乌布和M. 理查森，1989年）。我们通过让81名被试在收到三种编码指令之一后，每人观看12张简单场景照片，每张照片观看15秒，来测试事先警告是否会消除这种扭曲。所有被试都被告知要详细记住每张照片。对照组被试没有收到额外信息。测试告知组被试收到了关于测试类型的事先警告。演示组被试体验了该现象的演示，并被告知要防范它。呈现之后，进行了一项绘画任务和一项边界识别测试。事先警告有时会减少，但从未消除边界扩展。我们认为这种现象反映了感知过程中场景预期的激活。
