Lerner D J, D'Agostino R B, Musolino J, Malspeis S
Division of Health Improvement, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.
Med Care. 1994 Jan;32(1):67-80. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199401000-00005.
Chronic shortages of registered nurses (RNs) have stimulated interest in locating non-traditional sources of RNs. A statewide survey of 2,315 newly graduated RNs compared three non-traditional groups in nursing with their traditional counterparts, identifying differences that have implications for successful recruitment and retention. Second career nurses, former LPNs and minorities comprised 41.9% of the population. Compared to the traditional groups, more second career nurses, former LPNs and some minority groups were older, married and had children. Second career vs. first career nurses placed less emphasis on selecting schools at the highest levels of academic quality, holding out for the most lucrative jobs or working with the most "interesting" patients (i.e., the acutely ill). Former LPNs, compared to other RNs, placed greater value on easy access to schools and jobs. Compared to whites, minority RNs were more inclined to value nursing's socioeconomic rewards. However, compared to non-Asian minorities in nursing, Asian RNs had higher expectations for professional advancement and were less altruistic. Our results indicate that several of the new groups view nursing less as a "calling," finding the field appealing for practical socioeconomic reasons and accessibility.
注册护士长期短缺，这激发了人们寻找非传统护士来源的兴趣。一项针对2315名新毕业注册护士的全州范围调查，将护理领域的三个非传统群体与其传统同行进行了比较，确定了对成功招聘和留用有影响的差异。第二职业护士、前执业护士和少数族裔占调查群体的41.9%。与传统群体相比，更多的第二职业护士、前执业护士和一些少数族裔群体年龄较大、已婚并有子女。与第一职业护士相比，第二职业护士在选择学术质量最高的学校、等待最赚钱的工作或与最“有趣”的患者（即急重症患者）共事方面的重视程度较低。与其他注册护士相比，前执业护士更看重学校和工作的便捷性。与白人相比，少数族裔注册护士更倾向于看重护理工作的社会经济回报。然而，与护理领域的非亚裔少数族裔相比，亚裔注册护士对职业发展的期望更高，利他主义程度更低。我们的研究结果表明，几个新群体对护理工作的看法不再那么是一种“使命”，而是出于实际的社会经济原因和可及性而认为该领域具有吸引力。
