Buerhaus P I, Auerbach D
Harvard Nursing Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Image J Nurs Sch. 1999;31(2):179-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00464.x.
To assess the extent to which the number of minority RNs has grown during the past 20 years, and to identify and compare key trends in personal and professional characteristics among minority groups and between minority and majority populations of RNs. Nursing education programs, employers, philanthropic organizations, and governments have expended considerable effort and resources to increase the number of minorities in nursing.
Longitudinal analysis of trends in the number, education, employment, and earnings of minority RNs from 1977 to 1997.
Descriptive analysis of data from the U.S. National Sample Surveys of the Population of Registered Nurses, 1977-1996; and data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group Annual Merged Files, 1977-1997.
In the past 20 years, the number of minority RNs has grown from 87,386 (or 6.3% of the total supply of RNs) in 1977 to 246,364 RNs (9.7%) in 1996. The number of Black (nonHispanic), Asian Pacific/Islanders, and American Indian/Alaskan Native nurses nearly tripled in this period while the number of Hispancis doubled. Although these rates of growth are impressive, the percentage of minorities in nursing lags considerably behind the percentage (18.3%) who are teachers, and the percentage (28.2%) in the U.S. population.
Studies are needed to determine the barriers that exist in nursing education programs, health care organizations, and society in general that deter minorities from a nursing career. Without this understanding, efforts to design and implement ideas to attract, educate, and retain minorities in nursing education and later in the workplace are hampered.
评估在过去20年中少数族裔注册护士数量的增长幅度，并确定和比较少数族裔群体之间以及少数族裔与多数族裔注册护士群体在个人和职业特征方面的关键趋势。护理教育项目、雇主、慈善组织和政府已经投入了大量的精力和资源来增加护理领域少数族裔的数量。
对1977年至1997年少数族裔注册护士的数量、教育、就业和收入趋势进行纵向分析。
对1977 - 1996年美国注册护士人口全国抽样调查的数据，以及1977 - 1997年美国人口普查局当前人口调查（CPS）外出轮换组年度合并文件的数据进行描述性分析。
在过去20年中，少数族裔注册护士的数量从1977年的87,386人（占注册护士总数的6.3%）增长到1996年的246,364人（占9.7%）。在此期间，黑人（非西班牙裔）、亚太/岛民和美国印第安/阿拉斯加原住民护士的数量几乎增长了两倍，而西班牙裔护士数量增长了一倍。尽管这些增长率令人印象深刻，但护理领域少数族裔的比例仍远远落后于教师的比例（18.3%）以及美国人口中的比例（28.2%）。
需要开展研究，以确定在护理教育项目、医疗保健组织以及整个社会中存在的阻碍少数族裔从事护理职业的障碍。如果不了解这些情况，那么为吸引、教育和留住少数族裔参与护理教育并随后进入职场而设计和实施相关理念的努力将会受到阻碍。
