Borchgrevink H M
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1993 Dec 10;113(30):3743-7.
Music lacks the specific sound-concept association that is characteristic of speech, making exchange of information less precise. Nevertheless, verbal language has not replaced musical communication. Music is common to all peoples and cultures, probably because certain impressions and emotions are communicated more successfully by direct musical intuition. Different musical traditions have common features which can be explained by acoustic, auditory and neurobiological mechanisms. Harmonic (consonant) intervals--octave, fifth, fourth, third--play an important role, and are also spontaneously preferred by animals (rats). Pitch and chords are simultaneous patterns that are normally controlled by the right (non-speech) hemisphere of the brain. Rhythm, speech and language, and prosody are sequential patterns that are controlled by the left hemisphere. Musical sounds are stored as structural memory patterns, analogous to poetry or rhyme, independent of comprehension. Simultaneous singing and rhythmic movement facilitate initiation and fluency of speech. Musical functions are included in neuropsychological test batteries. In medicine, music is used as an alternative channel of communication in aphasia and developmental disorders, and in psychotherapy.
音乐缺乏言语所特有的特定声音 - 概念关联，这使得信息交流不够精确。然而，言语语言并未取代音乐交流。音乐在所有民族和文化中都很常见，这可能是因为某些印象和情感通过直接的音乐直觉能更成功地传达。不同的音乐传统具有共同特征，这些特征可以通过声学、听觉和神经生物学机制来解释。和声（协和）音程——八度、五度、四度、三度——起着重要作用，并且动物（大鼠）也会自发地偏好它们。音高与和弦是同时出现的模式，通常由大脑的右（非言语）半球控制。节奏、言语和语言以及韵律是由左半球控制的顺序模式。音乐声音作为结构记忆模式存储，类似于诗歌或韵律，与理解无关。同时唱歌和有节奏的动作有助于言语的起始和流畅性。音乐功能包含在神经心理测试组中。在医学上，音乐被用作失语症和发育障碍以及心理治疗中交流的替代渠道。
