Giebel G, Braun K, Mittelmeier W
Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar.
Chirurg. 1993 Nov;64(11):938-47.
In a retrospective study we reviewed 262 horse riding related injuries in children younger than 16 which were treated between 1975 and 1989 at the Section of Traumatology in the Department of Surgery, University Hospital Homburg/Saar. In 155 of these accidents, detailed information was gained via a questionnaire. The typical patient profile was that of young female equestrians with little experience and little weekly riding practice, without practicing falling-exercises and warming up often using different horses. At the time of the accident only 59% were wearing a head protection. Most accidents happened in the summer months in the afternoon during leisure riding on a large familiar horse in the riding hall. Apart from the typical accidents like falling of the horse (64.9%) and falling with the horse (5.7%) accidents in handling the horse were of special significance: Kick by horse's hoof (11.8%), being stepped by horse (3.8%), horsebite (7.3%) and injuries of horse's bridle had their own pattern of injuries. Injuries of the distal parts of the upper extremity are preeminent in falling of the horse, whilst in falling with the horse head injuries and shoulder injuries are preeminent. Remarkably often injuries of kick by horse's hoof were causing sometimes even dangerous head injuries (41.6%). Overall in horse riding related injuries in childhood superficial soft tissue injuries (48.6%) and fractures (30.6%) were predominant. Fractures of the clavicle which are well known as a riding injury proved to be typical for a fall with the horse, whilst a fractured vertebra was only seen once amongst the 262 children treated. The severity of the injuries was lower than expected: In 85.1% of all the injuries only one body region was injured, 90.1% could be assigned to an injury severity score (ISS) of 1-3. Ponyriders had less severe injuries than riders of large horses. One fatal accident happened in handling a horse, in these situations preventive measures are often disregard. Active (better education, warming up, falling practice) an passive (head protection!) safety measurements are recommended for prevention of injuries in young riders in particular.
在一项回顾性研究中，我们回顾了1975年至1989年期间在洪堡/萨尔大学医院外科创伤科接受治疗的16岁以下儿童与骑马相关的262例损伤。在其中155起事故中，通过问卷调查获得了详细信息。典型的患者情况是年轻的女性骑手，经验不足，每周骑马练习较少，不进行摔倒练习，不常热身，且经常骑不同的马。事故发生时，只有59%的人佩戴了头部保护装备。大多数事故发生在夏季的下午，在熟悉的大型马背上进行休闲骑行时，地点在骑马场。除了典型的事故，如从马上摔落（64.9%）和与马一起摔倒（5.7%）外，与马匹接触时发生的事故具有特殊意义：马蹄踢伤（11.8%）、被马踩踏（3.8%）、马咬伤（7.3%）以及马缰绳造成的损伤都有其独特的损伤模式。从马上摔落时上肢远端部位的损伤最为突出，而与马一起摔倒时头部损伤和肩部损伤最为突出。值得注意的是，马蹄踢伤常常会导致有时甚至很危险的头部损伤（41.6%）。总体而言，儿童骑马相关损伤中，浅表软组织损伤（48.6%）和骨折（30.6%）最为常见。众所周知，锁骨骨折是骑马损伤的典型表现，事实证明它是与马一起摔倒时的典型损伤，而在接受治疗的262名儿童中，仅发现1例脊椎骨折。损伤的严重程度低于预期：在所有损伤中，有85.1%的人仅一个身体部位受伤，90.1%的损伤严重程度评分（ISS）为1 - 3分。骑小马的人比骑大马的人受伤程度轻。在与马接触时发生了1起致命事故，在这些情况下，预防措施常常被忽视。建议采取主动（更好的教育、热身、摔倒练习）和被动（头部保护！）安全措施，尤其要预防年轻骑手受伤。
