Rosenfarb I S, Burker E J, Morris S A, Cush D T
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1993 Nov;102(4):642-6. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.102.4.642.
The effects of rules versus shaping on the behavior of depressed and nondepressed individuals were compared. Extending the findings in the depressive realism literature to a learning paradigm, the behavior of depressed individuals was more sensitive to changing contingencies than was the behavior of nondepressed individuals. Contrary to hypotheses, however, this effect appeared due primarily to the nondepressive Ss' strategy of continuing to follow an experimenter's inaccurate rules. Results suggest the relative absence of self-presentational concerns may lead depressed individuals to be more accurate in judging environmental contingencies.
比较了规则与塑造对抑郁个体和非抑郁个体行为的影响。将抑郁现实主义文献中的研究结果扩展到学习范式，抑郁个体的行为比非抑郁个体的行为对变化的偶然性更敏感。然而，与假设相反，这种效应主要是由于非抑郁被试继续遵循实验者不准确规则的策略。结果表明，相对缺乏自我呈现方面的担忧可能导致抑郁个体在判断环境偶然性时更准确。
