Haaga D A, Beck A T
Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016-8062.
Behav Res Ther. 1995 Jan;33(1):41-8. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)e0016-c.
Beck's cognitive theory of depression has provided a successful description of depressive thinking, with one major exception. The hypothesis that depressed people show biased negative thinking seems contradicted by research indicating that Ss scoring 9 or above on the Beck Depression Inventory were more accurate than their nondepressed counterparts in judging contingencies between their responses and outcomes, seemingly showing "depressive realism". Depressive realism research has attracted attention in numerous areas of psychology, along with critical commentary focused on such issues as whether realism is limited to mild depressive states, whether laboratory tasks are sufficient to document realism, and whether realism is a general characteristic of either depressed or nondepressed people. We analyze the main critiques and show how debates about depressive realism can be heuristic for refinement of cognitive theory of depression.
贝克的抑郁认知理论成功地描述了抑郁思维，但有一个主要例外。认为抑郁者表现出有偏差的消极思维这一假设，似乎与研究结果相矛盾，该研究表明，在贝克抑郁量表上得分9分及以上的被试，在判断自己的反应与结果之间的偶发事件时，比未抑郁的同龄人更准确，似乎表现出“抑郁现实主义”。抑郁现实主义研究在心理学的众多领域都引起了关注，同时也引发了批判性评论，这些评论聚焦于诸如现实主义是否仅限于轻度抑郁状态、实验室任务是否足以证明现实主义、现实主义是抑郁者还是非抑郁者的普遍特征等问题。我们分析了主要的批评意见，并展示了关于抑郁现实主义的辩论如何能够启发对抑郁认知理论的完善。
