Hartwig E, Dirks B, Oldenkott P, Pfenninger E, Helm M, Kinzl L
Universitätsklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universität Ulm.
Unfallchirurg. 1993 Nov;96(11):564-8.
Between January 1991 and December 1992, there were 686 rescue operations involving patients with craniocerebral trauma in the catchment area of Ulm. There were 376 patients who had to be graded as seriously injured according to the NACA classification. In 178 cases there was a severe craniocerebral trauma, and 131 of these patients were admitted to the traumatology department of the University of Ulm. The pattern of injuries was analysed; multiple injuries were found in 63 patients, with injuries to the extremities and the thorax being most-frequent. The primary preclinical treatment for patients with craniocerebral trauma is demonstrated; the indications for intubation and artificial respiration are discussed, and also the selection of drugs. Diagnostic procedures and immediate treatment must initially be directed at securing vital functions. Treatment of life-threatening haemorrhage has priority over neurosurgical diagnosis and therapy. The urgent indications for neurosurgical intervention are: space-occupying intracranial bleeding, open craniocerebral traumas, and space-occupying depressed fractures.
1991年1月至1992年12月期间,乌尔姆市服务区域内共进行了686次涉及颅脑创伤患者的救援行动。根据美国汽车医学会(NACA)分类,有376名患者被判定为重伤。其中178例为严重颅脑创伤,这些患者中有131人被收治入乌尔姆大学创伤科。对损伤模式进行了分析;63例患者存在多处损伤,其中四肢和胸部损伤最为常见。展示了颅脑创伤患者的主要院前治疗方法;讨论了插管和人工呼吸的指征以及药物的选择。诊断程序和即时治疗最初必须旨在确保生命功能。危及生命的出血治疗优先于神经外科诊断和治疗。神经外科干预的紧急指征为:颅内占位性出血、开放性颅脑创伤和占位性凹陷骨折。