Peschanski M, Hirsch E, Dusart I, Doye V, Marty S, Manceau V, Sobel A
INSERM CJF 91-02, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.
J Comp Neurol. 1993 Nov 22;337(4):655-68. doi: 10.1002/cne.903370410.
Stathmin is a ubiquitous, 19 kDa cytoplasmic protein the phosphorylation of which is associated with many cellular signaling pathways. It is particularly abundant in neurons and reaches a peak of expression in the neonatal period, although it remains highly expressed in the adult brain. In order to determine whether this abundant expression is associated with discrete cellular populations that are still at an immature stage during adulthood, as suggested by others, the cellular localization of stathmin was investigated in the adult rat and human central nervous system. Western blotting with a specific antiserum indicated that stathmin was ubiquitous in the brain and spinal cord but that its relative concentration varied up to 2.6 times between regions. To characterize the distribution of stathmin within the brain, its cellular localization was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Highly immunoreactive neurons and oligodendrocytes were observed, and stathmin immunoreactivity was localized to the perikaryon and all processes, but not the nucleus. Most brain and spinal cord cell groups showed stathmin immunoreactivity, although the extent and intensity of labeling differed largely from one place to another. Particularly numerous stathmin-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were found in the pyriform, cingulate, and neocortex, as well as in many cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain and brainstem, in the medial thalamus, in various brainstem nuclei, in the dorsalmost layers of the spinal cord, and in brain areas lacking a blood-brain barrier to macromolecules. In addition to neuronal populations, stathmin-antibodies intensely labeled choroid plexuses. Many other brain regions exhibited moderate neuronal immunostaining. The distribution of stathmin-immunoreactive processes was in some areas relatively heterogeneous. Intense immunoreactivity was observed in some fiber tracts (corpus callosum, anterior commissure, inferior cerebellar peduncle, etc.) but was missing in others (internal capsule, posterior commissure, etc.). Some brain areas rich in immunoreactive neurons also displayed an intense immunoreactivity of the neuropile, whereas others contained either immunoreactive cells or fibers. In the human brain, stathmin immunostaining occurred in many areas, corresponding to those identified in the rat, with the exception of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal fascia dentata, and the substantia nigra. The present results support our suggestion that, in addition to its involvement in cell proliferation and differentiation, stathmin may also be related to regulation of differentiated cell functions, as it appears to be a major signaling protein in widespread areas of the adult brain in both rat and human.
微管相关蛋白2（Stathmin）是一种普遍存在的19 kDa细胞质蛋白，其磷酸化与许多细胞信号通路相关。它在神经元中特别丰富，在新生儿期达到表达高峰，尽管在成人大脑中仍高度表达。为了确定这种丰富的表达是否与成年期仍处于未成熟阶段的离散细胞群体相关，正如其他人所建议的那样，研究了成年大鼠和人类中枢神经系统中Stathmin的细胞定位。用特异性抗血清进行的蛋白质印迹分析表明，Stathmin在脑和脊髓中普遍存在，但其相对浓度在不同区域之间变化高达2.6倍。为了表征Stathmin在脑内的分布，通过免疫细胞化学分析其细胞定位。观察到高度免疫反应性的神经元和少突胶质细胞，并且Stathmin免疫反应性定位于核周体和所有突起，但不包括细胞核。大多数脑和脊髓细胞群显示出Stathmin免疫反应性，尽管标记的程度和强度在不同部位有很大差异。在梨状皮质、扣带回和新皮质，以及基底前脑和脑干的许多胆碱能核、内侧丘脑、各种脑干核、脊髓最背侧层以及缺乏大分子血脑屏障的脑区中，发现了特别多的Stathmin免疫反应性神经元细胞体。除了神经元群体外，Stathmin抗体还强烈标记脉络丛。许多其他脑区表现出中等程度的神经元免疫染色。Stathmin免疫反应性突起的分布在某些区域相对不均匀。在一些纤维束（胼胝体、前连合、小脑下脚等）中观察到强烈的免疫反应性，但在其他纤维束（内囊、后连合等）中则没有。一些富含免疫反应性神经元的脑区也显示出神经毡的强烈免疫反应性，而其他区域则含有免疫反应性细胞或纤维。在人类大脑中，Stathmin免疫染色出现在许多区域，与在大鼠中确定的区域相对应，但大脑皮质、海马齿状回和黑质除外。目前的结果支持我们的观点，即除了参与细胞增殖和分化外，Stathmin还可能与分化细胞功能的调节有关，因为它似乎是大鼠和人类成人大脑广泛区域中的一种主要信号蛋白。
