Broughton G
Department of Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas.
Am J Med Sci. 1994 Jan;307(1):54-63. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199401000-00011.
Chenodeoxycholate (3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid) is a primary bile acid directly synthesized from cholesterol. It is an amphipathic molecule, possessing both a hydrophobic side and a polar hydrophilic side, giving it the ability to solubilize lipids in a water environment. Bile acids are necessary for the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins. Chenodeoxycholate inhibits the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis, the formation of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A. It was first reported to be useful in the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in 1972. Today, chenodeoxycholate has other medicinal uses and is used for the management of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, hypertriglyceremia, congenital liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and constipation. This article details some finer points of chenodeoxycholate biochemistry and physiology and discusses in some detail the current and past clinical uses of chenodeoxycholate. This is not an exhaustive discussion on gallstone dissolution therapies, but an overview of some of the lesser-known uses for this drug.
鹅去氧胆酸（3α，7α - 二羟基 - 5β - 胆烷酸）是一种直接由胆固醇合成的初级胆汁酸。它是一种两亲分子，兼具疏水侧和亲水极性侧，使其能够在水环境中溶解脂质。胆汁酸对于脂肪和脂溶性维生素的吸收是必需的。鹅去氧胆酸抑制胆固醇合成的限速步骤，即羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A的形成。1972年首次报道其对溶解胆固醇性胆结石有用。如今，鹅去氧胆酸还有其他药用用途，用于治疗脑腱性黄瘤病、高甘油三酯血症、先天性肝脏疾病、类风湿性关节炎和便秘。本文详细阐述了鹅去氧胆酸生物化学和生理学的一些细节，并详细讨论了鹅去氧胆酸过去和当前的临床用途。这并非对胆结石溶解疗法的详尽讨论，而是对该药物一些鲜为人知用途的概述。
