Connelly S L, Hasher L
Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1993 Dec;19(6):1238-50. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.19.6.1238.
Two experiments compared the performance of older and younger adults on a task assessing suppression (or negative priming) for location of distractors. A 3rd experiment compared the 2 age groups on suppression for location and identity of distractors such that location was irrelevant to selection and response. Older and younger adults showed location suppression across all experiments. In Experiment 3, identity suppression was found for younger but not older adults. In addition, younger adults revealed an additive effect for suppression of identity and location. Consistent evidence of inhibition of return was not found for either age group. The findings are discussed in terms of the Hasher and Zacks (1988) theory of reduced inhibitory efficiency in the elderly and in terms of neurophysiological evidence that inhibition of identity and location may function separately within the 2 cortical visual systems.
两项实验比较了老年人和年轻人在一项评估对干扰物位置抑制（或负启动）任务中的表现。第三个实验比较了这两个年龄组在对干扰物位置和特征的抑制方面的差异，使得位置与选择和反应无关。在所有实验中，老年人和年轻人都表现出位置抑制。在实验3中，发现年轻人存在特征抑制，而老年人则没有。此外，年轻人在特征和位置抑制方面表现出累加效应。两个年龄组均未发现一致的返回抑制证据。我们将根据哈舍和扎克斯（1988年）关于老年人抑制效率降低的理论以及关于特征和位置抑制可能在两个皮质视觉系统中分别起作用的神经生理学证据来讨论这些发现。
