重度抑郁症、恶劣心境、惊恐障碍和广泛性焦虑障碍的症状差异。
Symptom differences in major depression, dysthymia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder.
作者信息
Clark D A, Beck A T, Beck J S
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
出版信息
Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Feb;151(2):205-9. doi: 10.1176/ajp.151.2.205.
OBJECTIVE
The authors compared symptom features of specific subtypes of depressive and anxiety disorders.
METHODS
Psychiatric outpatients with moderate levels of psychopathology and DSM-III diagnoses of major depression, dysthymia, panic disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder were given five standard measures of symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders. Most of the outpatients were white, and most were middle-class.
RESULTS
Principal components analysis revealed 12 orthogonal symptom components. Discriminant function analysis indicated that anxiety was distinguished by specific autonomic arousal symptoms, threat-related cognitions, and subjective anxiety and tension. Discriminant function analysis also indicated that depression was distinguished by anhedonia, cognitions of personal loss and failure, and dysphoric mood.
CONCLUSIONS
As nosological categories, major depression and panic disorder were better differentiated by specific symptom markers than dysthymia and generalized anxiety disorder.
目的
作者比较了抑郁和焦虑障碍特定亚型的症状特征。
方法
对患有中度精神病理学症状且被诊断为重度抑郁症、心境恶劣障碍、惊恐障碍或广泛性焦虑障碍的精神科门诊患者进行了五项焦虑和抑郁障碍症状的标准测量。大多数门诊患者为白人，且大多数属于中产阶级。
结果
主成分分析揭示了12个正交症状成分。判别函数分析表明，焦虑的特征在于特定的自主神经唤醒症状、与威胁相关的认知以及主观焦虑和紧张感。判别函数分析还表明，抑郁的特征在于快感缺失、对个人损失和失败的认知以及烦躁情绪。
结论
作为疾病分类类别，重度抑郁症和惊恐障碍通过特定症状标志物比心境恶劣障碍和广泛性焦虑障碍能得到更好的区分。
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