Lipsey M W, Wilson D B
Department of Human Resources, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203.
Am Psychol. 1993 Dec;48(12):1181-209. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.48.12.1181.
Conventional reviews of research on the efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatments often find considerable variation in outcome among studies and, as a consequence, fail to reach firm conclusions about the overall effectiveness of the interventions in question. In contrast meta-analytic reviews show a strong, dramatic pattern of positive overall effects that cannot readily be explained as artifacts of meta-analytic technique or generalized placebo effects. Moreover, the effects are not so small that they can be dismissed as lacking practical or clinical significance. Although meta-analysis has limitations, there are good reasons to believe that its results are more credible than those of conventional reviews and to conclude that well-developed psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment is generally efficacious.
对心理、教育和行为治疗效果的常规研究综述往往发现，不同研究的结果存在相当大的差异，因此，无法就相关干预措施的总体有效性得出确凿结论。相比之下，元分析综述显示出一种强烈、显著的总体积极效果模式，这种模式不太可能轻易被解释为元分析技术的人为因素或广义的安慰剂效应。此外，这些效果并非小到可以因其缺乏实际或临床意义而被忽视。尽管元分析有局限性，但我们有充分的理由相信，其结果比常规综述的结果更可信，并得出结论：完善的心理、教育和行为治疗通常是有效的。
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