Zapka J G, Stoddard A M, McCusker J
School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
AIDS Educ Prev. 1993 Winter;5(4):352-66.
One reason for difficulty in long-term maintenance of behavior changes by injection drug users (IDUs) is the concomitant support or distraction from the IDUs social environment. This study explored the relationship of social factors--e.g., encouragement from friends, beliefs about social norms--with drug injection behaviors. Subjects were clients in a short-term residential detoxification program. Self-reports of drug and AIDS-protective behaviors were gathered at baseline and at least 6 months following a trial of enhanced vs. informational educational interventions. Results provide support both for the general hypothesis about the influence of peers and drug-use partners prior and subsequent to detoxification and for the greater effectiveness of the enhanced intervention on social factors. Particularly important to improved drug use behavior were decreased number of friends who inject drugs (social network), increased number of people to talk with when upset (social support), and increased argument skills about safe drug use (social influence).
注射吸毒者（IDUs）行为改变难以长期维持的一个原因是其社会环境给予的支持或干扰。本研究探讨了社会因素（如朋友的鼓励、对社会规范的看法）与药物注射行为之间的关系。研究对象是短期住院戒毒项目中的客户。在基线时以及在进行强化教育干预与信息教育干预试验至少6个月后，收集了药物和艾滋病防护行为的自我报告。研究结果既支持了关于戒毒前后同伴和吸毒伙伴影响的一般假设，也支持了强化干预在社会因素方面更有效的观点。对改善吸毒行为尤为重要的是注射毒品的朋友数量减少（社交网络）、心烦时可交谈的人数增加（社会支持）以及关于安全吸毒的辩论技巧提高（社会影响）。
