Braithwaite V, Devine C
Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Camberra, ACT.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1993 Nov;32(4):417-29. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01076.x.
The stress paradigm was used to investigate the extent to which parental alcohol dependency, family disorganization ana Black's (1979) and Wegscheider's (1976) survival roles affected the adjustment of children of alcoholics (COAs). The study was cross-sectional based on the responses of a non-random community sample of 112 adolescents. The predictors of life satisfaction differed from the predictors of minor psychiatric symptoms. Parental alcohol dependency had no direct effect on minor psychiatric symptoms, with low family cohesiveness and intimacy being the major determinants of psychopathology. In contrast, parental alcohol dependency and family disharmony had an additive effect on level of life satisfaction. Family variables did not buffer children from the effects of alcohol once they recognized parental drinking as a problem. Nor did the survival roles protect children in any way. Indeed, the roles of the 'lost' child, the 'acting-out' child, and the 'clown' were detrimental to well-being.
压力范式被用于研究父母酒精依赖、家庭混乱以及布莱克（1979年）和韦格施泰德（1976年）提出的生存角色在多大程度上影响了酗酒者子女（COA）的适应情况。该研究基于112名青少年的非随机社区样本的回应，采用横断面研究方法。生活满意度的预测因素与轻微精神症状的预测因素不同。父母酒精依赖对轻微精神症状没有直接影响，低家庭凝聚力和亲密感是精神病理学的主要决定因素。相比之下，父母酒精依赖和家庭不和谐对生活满意度水平有累加效应。一旦孩子认识到父母饮酒是个问题，家庭变量并不能缓冲酒精对他们的影响。生存角色也没有以任何方式保护孩子。事实上，“迷失”的孩子、“叛逆”的孩子和“小丑”角色对幸福感是有害的。
