Laurenson N M, Fulcher K Y, Korkia P
British Association of Sport and Medicine, St. Bartholomew's Medical College, London, U.K.
Int J Sports Med. 1993 Nov;14(8):455-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1021210.
Most studies of the triathlon have looked at male triathletes with respect to the longer distance events such as the Hawaii Ironman Triathlon. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the physiological characteristics and training protocols of elite and competitive (club) women triathletes who compete at Olympic distance (1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle, 10 km run) to examine the relationship between these factors and running performance in the triathlon. The elite triathletes (n = 10) had a lower body mass and BMI than club level triathletes (n = 9) as well as smaller girths at all measured sites although these differences were not significant. Sum of skinfold thickness measured at four sites was significantly smaller in the elite group (p = 0.05), yet, wide individual variations were found within each group. The amount of training undertaken by individuals in both groups varied markedly; however, overall the elite did more training in all disciplines. The VO2max measured on the treadmill was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in the elite women (65.6 +/- 6.0 ml.kg-1.min-1) as compared to the club level women (60.4 +/- 3.1 ml.kg-1.min-1). The elite triathletes were significantly more economical, showing a lowered relative oxygen consumption (% VO2max), (p = 0.008); lowered heart rate (p = 0.01) and lowered blood lactate values (p = 0.03) at 15 km.h-1. The elite group were also much more efficient runners at 15 km.h-1 when looking at VE/VO2 (p = 0.05). An association was found between run race time and %VO2max at 15 km.h-1 (p = 0.04). The results suggest that there is no ideal nor unique anthropometric profile that can be established for female triathletes especially with respect to running time and overall performance. The widespread differences in physiological variables found between the two groups confirms the important contribution factors such as these make to performance.
大多数关于铁人三项的研究都着眼于参加长距离赛事（如夏威夷铁人三项赛）的男性铁人三项运动员。本研究的目的是调查和比较参加奥运会距离（1.5公里游泳、40公里自行车、10公里跑步）比赛的精英和竞技（俱乐部）女性铁人三项运动员的生理特征和训练方案，以研究这些因素与铁人三项跑步成绩之间的关系。精英铁人三项运动员（n = 10）的体重和体重指数低于俱乐部水平的铁人三项运动员（n = 9），并且在所有测量部位的周长也较小，尽管这些差异并不显著。精英组在四个部位测量的皮褶厚度总和显著更小（p = 0.05），然而，每组内都存在很大的个体差异。两组中个体进行的训练量差异显著；然而，总体而言，精英组在所有项目上的训练更多。与俱乐部水平的女性（60.4 +/- 3.1毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）相比，精英女性在跑步机上测得的最大摄氧量显著更高（p = 0.03）（65.6 +/- 6.0毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）。精英铁人三项运动员明显更经济，在15公里/小时的速度下，相对耗氧量（%最大摄氧量）降低（p = 0.008）；心率降低（p = 0.01），血乳酸值降低（p = 0.03）。在15公里/小时的速度下，从每分通气量/最大摄氧量（VE/VO2）来看，精英组也是效率更高的跑步者（p = 0.05）。发现跑步比赛时间与15公里/小时速度下的%最大摄氧量之间存在关联（p = 0.04）。结果表明，无法为女性铁人三项运动员建立理想或独特的人体测量学特征，尤其是在跑步时间和整体表现方面。两组之间生理变量的广泛差异证实了这些因素对表现的重要贡献。
