Millet G P, Bentley D J
Laboratoire "Sport, Performance, Santé", Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Montpellier, France.
Int J Sports Med. 2004 Apr;25(3):191-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-45259.
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the physiological responses in cycling and the energy cost (EC) of running after cycling in elite junior (J (male) and J (female)) and senior (S (male) and S (female)) triathletes and to determine the relationship between laboratory physiological parameters and performance in an elite "standard" distance triathlon. Thirty-one elite triathletes competing at World Championship level (age: 23.4 +/- 4.8 y; height: 172.6 +/- 6.8 cm; body mass: 64.4 +/- 7.2 kg; V.O (2)max = 67.8 +/- 8.3 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)) comprising J (male) (n = 7), J (female) (n = 6), S (male) (n = 9) and S (female) (n = 9) athletes performed a laboratory trial that consisted of submaximal treadmill running (to determine EC), maximal then submaximal cycle ergometry (to determine the peak power output [PPO], V.O (2)max, the ventilation threshold [VT] and cycling economy) followed by an additional submaximal running bout. Swimming, cycling, running and overall race performance (min) over a standard event was also measured in the field. S (male) had a faster cycle, run and overall triathlon times than J (male). S (female) demonstrated a faster cycle and overall triathlon time than J (female). The V.O (2)max (74.7 +/- 5.7 vs. 74.3 +/- 4.4 and 60.1 +/- 1.8 vs. 61.0 +/- 5.0 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)) and cycling economy (72.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 73.8 +/- 4.3 and 75.6 +/- 4.5 vs. 79.8 +/- 9.8 W x l (-1) x min (-1)) were similar between the junior and senior, in both male and female triathletes. However, S (female) possessed a significantly higher PPO than J (female). S (male) had a higher VT (%V.O (2)max) than J (male) whereas the VT was similar in J (female) and S (female). There were no significant differences in EC change from the first to the second running bout between J (male) and S (male), whereas, in contrast, J (female) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) higher difference in EC than S (female). When all subjects were pooled, the overall triathlon time (min) was significantly correlated to V.O (2)max (r = -0.80; p < 0.001) and PPO (W) (r = -0.85; p < 0.001) in cycle ergometry. In conclusion, elite senior triathletes can be distinguished from their younger (junior) counterparts, mainly by a higher PPO in cycling and a lower increase in the whole body energy cost of running after cycling in female and by a higher ventilatory threshold in male triathletes.
本研究的目的是比较精英青少年（J（男）和J（女））和成年（S（男）和S（女））铁人三项运动员在骑行后的生理反应以及跑步的能量消耗（EC），并确定实验室生理参数与精英“标准”距离铁人三项赛成绩之间的关系。31名参加世界锦标赛级别的精英铁人三项运动员（年龄：23.4±4.8岁；身高：172.6±6.8厘米；体重：64.4±7.2千克；最大摄氧量=67.8±8.3毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹），包括J（男）（n = 7）、J（女）（n = 6）、S（男）（n = 9）和S（女）（n = 9）运动员进行了一项实验室测试，该测试包括次最大强度跑步机跑步（以确定EC）、最大强度然后次最大强度的自行车测功（以确定峰值功率输出[PPO]、最大摄氧量、通气阈值[VT]和骑行经济性），随后进行额外的次最大强度跑步回合。还在实地测量了标准赛事中的游泳、骑行、跑步和总比赛成绩（分钟）。S（男）的骑行、跑步和总铁人三项赛时间比J（男）快。S（女）的骑行和总铁人三项赛时间比J（女）快。青少年和成年男性、女性铁人三项运动员的最大摄氧量（74.7±5.7与74.3±4.4以及60.1±1.8与61.0±5.0毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）和骑行经济性（72.5±4.5与73.8±4.3以及75.6±4.5与79.8±9.8瓦·升⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）相似。然而，S（女）的PPO明显高于J（女）。S（男）的VT（%最大摄氧量）高于J（男），而J（女）和S（女）的VT相似。J（男）和S（男）从第一次到第二次跑步回合的EC变化没有显著差异，而相比之下，J（女）的EC差异比S（女）显著更高（p < 0.05）。当所有受试者合并时，总铁人三项赛时间（分钟）与自行车测功中的最大摄氧量（r = -0.80；p < 0.001）和PPO（瓦）（r = -0.85；p <
