Hummer P, Wimmer H, Antes G
Institut fuer Sprachwissenschaft, Universitaet Salzburg, Austria.
J Child Lang. 1993 Oct;20(3):607-18. doi: 10.1017/s0305000900008503.
These are the principal questions of this study: are the early functions of negation, such as REJECTION, and the later emerging DENIAL no developmentally related? And when do children start to deny? So far, evidence for the questions at hand has been almost exclusively observational. We decided on a simple elicitation procedure instead, asking 48 children (ages between 1;1 and 2;7) easy yes/no-questions. The most likely age range for the appearance of denial no was 1;8-2;1. Its error-free acquisition supports the continuity theory of negation development, which holds that essentials of denial no carry over from the earlier functions of no. Finally an attempt is made to account for the beginnings of denial in terms of semantics and the representational theory of child cognition.
诸如拒绝这样的早期否定功能与后来出现的否认在发展上有无关联？儿童何时开始否认？到目前为止，关于手头这些问题的证据几乎完全是观察性的。相反，我们决定采用一种简单的引出程序，向48名儿童（年龄在1;1至2;7之间）询问简单的是/否问题。出现否认“不”的最可能年龄范围是1;8至2;1。其无错误习得支持了否定发展的连续性理论，该理论认为否认“不”的要素从“不”的早期功能延续而来。最后，尝试从语义学和儿童认知的表征理论角度解释否认的起源。
