Kessler R C, McGonagle K A, Swartz M, Blazer D G, Nelson C B
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
J Affect Disord. 1993 Oct-Nov;29(2-3):85-96. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g.
Basic epidemiologic prevalence data are presented on sex differences in DSM-III-R major depressive episodes (MDE). The data come from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), the first survey in the U.S. to administer a structured psychiatric interview to a nationally representative sample of the general population. Consistent with previous research, women are approximately 1.7 times as likely as men to report a lifetime history of MDE. Age of onset analysis shows that this sex difference begins in early adolescence and persists through the mid-50s. Women also have a much higher rate of 12-month depression than men. However, women with a history of depression do not differ from men with a history of depression in either the probability of being chronically depressed in the past year or in the probability of having an acute recurrence in the past year. This means that the higher prevalence of 12-month depression among women than men is largely due to women having a higher risk of first onset. The implications of these results for future research are discussed in a closing section of the paper.
本文呈现了关于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）中重度抑郁发作（MDE）性别差异的基本流行病学患病率数据。这些数据来自全国共病调查（NCS），这是美国首次对全国具有代表性的普通人群样本进行结构化精神病学访谈的调查。与先前的研究一致，报告有MDE终生病史的女性人数约为男性的1.7倍。发病年龄分析表明，这种性别差异始于青春期早期，并持续到50多岁中期。女性12个月内患抑郁症的比率也远高于男性。然而，有抑郁症病史的女性在过去一年中慢性抑郁的概率或急性复发的概率与有抑郁症病史的男性并无差异。这意味着女性12个月内抑郁症患病率高于男性，很大程度上是由于女性首次发病的风险更高。本文最后一部分讨论了这些结果对未来研究的启示。
