Gielen A C, Joffe A, Dannenberg A L, Wilson M E, Beilenson P L, DeBoer M
Division of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
J Pediatr. 1994 Feb;124(2):204-10. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70304-3.
We examined the extent to which psychosocial factors, in addition to the presence of a law, are associated with the use of bicycle helmets. A mailed questionnaire was completed by 3494 children in fourth, seventh, and ninth grades in three Maryland counties: Howard County, which had a law requiring child bicyclists to wear helmets and an educational campaign; Montgomery County, which had an educational campaign but no law; and Baltimore County, which had neither. Overall, 19% of the respondents reported having worn a bicycle helmet on their most recent ride. In a multiple logistic regression, children's use of helmets in all three counties was significantly associated with their beliefs about the social consequences of wearing helmets and the extent to which their friends wear helmets. Significant interactions were also found, suggesting that in the presence of a law, an educational campaign, or both, children's use of helmets was associated more with social concerns than with parental influences or cognitive factors, such as beliefs about the need for helmets or perceptions of risk. To increase helmet use, the issues of stylishness, comfort, and social acceptability of wearing helmets need to be addressed and more widespread adoption of bicycle helmet laws should be encouraged.
我们研究了除法律存在之外，社会心理因素与自行车头盔使用之间的关联程度。我们向马里兰州三个县（霍华德县、蒙哥马利县和巴尔的摩县）的3494名四、七、九年级学生邮寄了调查问卷。霍华德县有一项要求儿童骑自行车时佩戴头盔的法律以及一场教育活动；蒙哥马利县有一场教育活动但没有法律；巴尔的摩县既没有法律也没有教育活动。总体而言，19%的受访者表示在他们最近一次骑行时佩戴了自行车头盔。在多元逻辑回归分析中，所有三个县的儿童头盔使用情况都与他们对佩戴头盔的社会后果的看法以及他们朋友佩戴头盔的程度显著相关。还发现了显著的交互作用，这表明在有法律、教育活动或两者皆有的情况下，儿童头盔的使用更多地与社会关注相关，而非与父母的影响或认知因素相关，比如对头盔必要性的看法或对风险的认知。为了增加头盔的使用，需要解决头盔的时尚性、舒适性和社会可接受性等问题，并应鼓励更广泛地采用自行车头盔法律。
