Brackett D J, Gauvin D V, Lerner M R, Holloway F A, Wilson M F
Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Jan;268(1):78-84.
Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (10/group) were instrumented to permit access to venous and arterial blood and comprehensive cardiovascular measurements for 4 h after intragastric administrations of water or 2, 4 or 6 g/kg of ethanol. Maximum blood concentrations for each increasing dose occurred within 45 min after ethanol attaining peaks of 63 +/- 8, 103 +/- 11 and 221 +/- 33 mg/d, respectively. Cardiac outputs were significantly lower than the control group beginning at 15 min for 4 and 6 g/kg and at 120 mins for 2 g/kg with similar effects on stroke volume for the three doses. Systemic vascular resistance and heart rate were consistently increased throughout the 4 h for the 6 g/kg group. There was a delayed mean arterial blood pressure decrease in the 6 g/kg group beginning at 120 min after ethanol with significant effects in the 4 g/kg group at 60 and 120 min. Decreased central venous pressure and respiration rate prevailed during the 4 h after 6 g/kg. Blood glucose concentrations were elevated at 60 min after 6 g/kg and at 240 min for all doses. However, blood temperatures were consistently lower than the control group after all three doses beginning 45 min after the drug. These data demonstrate that ethanol evokes cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic changes that are both dose- and time-dependent. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance are significantly affected suggesting a marked alteration of peripheral blood flow.
将四组雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠（每组10只）进行插管，以便在灌胃给予水或2、4或6 g/kg乙醇后4小时获取静脉和动脉血，并进行全面的心血管测量。随着乙醇剂量增加，每组的最大血药浓度分别在45分钟内达到，峰值分别为63±8、103±11和221±33 mg/d。对于4 g/kg和6 g/kg剂量组，从15分钟开始心输出量显著低于对照组；对于2 g/kg剂量组，在120分钟时心输出量显著低于对照组，三种剂量对每搏输出量有类似影响。6 g/kg剂量组在整个4小时内全身血管阻力和心率持续增加。6 g/kg剂量组在乙醇给药后120分钟开始平均动脉血压延迟下降，4 g/kg剂量组在60分钟和120分钟时有显著影响。6 g/kg剂量组在4小时内中心静脉压和呼吸频率下降。6 g/kg剂量组在给药后60分钟血糖浓度升高，所有剂量组在240分钟时血糖浓度升高。然而，所有三个剂量组在给药后45分钟开始体温持续低于对照组。这些数据表明，乙醇引起的心血管、呼吸和代谢变化具有剂量和时间依赖性。心输出量和全身血管阻力受到显著影响，表明外周血流发生明显改变。
