Hawkins J W, Thibodeau J A, Utley-Smith Q E, Igou J F, Johnson E E
Perspectives. 1993 Winter;17(4):11-6.
The use of a conceptual model to guide practice is critical to the maturation of the profession. Distinguishing between nursing and other health care professions rests, in part, on nursing's ability to articulate what it offers to clients. The nursing paradigm, comprising the essential components of the individual (client), health, environment, and nursing, provides general rules of thumb for the profession (Fawcett, 1984). Selecting a nursing model for a practice setting contributes to theory development: clinical questions generated from the model can be formulated as testable hypotheses. The Wellness Centre offers a unique opportunity for use of a conceptual model in a nurse-managed practice setting serving seniors. If conceptual models are to be useful, they need to be tested in the settings where nurses practise and for the roles that comprise nursing. Use of the crisis model, in this setting provides reality testing of the model which has evolved to a higher level of internal consistency and external validity as a direct result of practice.
使用概念模型来指导实践对于该专业的成熟至关重要。区分护理与其他医疗保健专业，部分取决于护理专业阐述其为服务对象所提供内容的能力。护理范式由个体（服务对象）、健康、环境和护理等基本要素组成，为该专业提供了一般性的经验法则（福西特，1984年）。为实践环境选择一种护理模式有助于理论发展：从该模式中产生的临床问题可被表述为可检验的假设。健康中心为在服务老年人的护士主导实践环境中使用概念模型提供了独特的机会。如果概念模型要发挥作用，就需要在护士执业的环境以及构成护理工作的角色中进行检验。在这种环境中使用危机模型对该模型进行了实际检验，由于实践的直接结果，该模型已发展到更高水平的内部一致性和外部有效性。
