Keen C L, Zidenberg-Cherr S
Department of Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8669.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Feb;59(2 Suppl):532S-538S; discussion 538S-539S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/59.2.532S.
Interest in maternal nutritional status as a critical factor for prenatal development has increased. When supplemented before conception, iodine prevents cretinism and folic acid reduces neural tube defect risks. Other nutrient supplements may also reduce pregnancy complications. Thus, should supplements be advocated for all women with childbearing potential? Potential supplementation benefits include 1) improved nutritional status, 2) reduced risk of some developmental defects, 3) improved antioxidant and immune defense systems, 4) lower incidence and/or slower progression of some diseases, and 5) harmonization of government and health care professionals' dietary recommendations for optimal health. Potential questions are, will the supplement reduce a woman's motivation to maintain and/or improve dietary quality? Will the supplement result in excessive nutrient intakes and/or adverse nutrient-nutrient interactions? Will supplement use encourage the perception that all women are, by definition, well nourished? These issues should be clarified before widespread supplementation programs are implemented.
人们对孕产妇营养状况作为产前发育的关键因素的关注度有所提高。在受孕前补充碘可预防克汀病，补充叶酸可降低神经管缺陷风险。其他营养补充剂也可能减少妊娠并发症。那么，是否应该提倡所有有生育潜力的女性都进行补充呢？潜在的补充益处包括：1）改善营养状况；2）降低某些发育缺陷的风险；3）改善抗氧化和免疫防御系统；4）降低某些疾病的发病率和/或减缓其进展；5）使政府和医疗保健专业人员关于最佳健康的饮食建议保持一致。潜在的问题是，补充剂会降低女性维持和/或改善饮食质量的积极性吗？补充剂会导致营养素摄入过量和/或不良的营养素相互作用吗？补充剂的使用会促使人们认为所有女性从定义上来说营养状况都良好吗？在实施广泛的补充计划之前，这些问题应该得到澄清。
