Wodak A, Des Jarlais D C
Alcohol and Drug Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
Bull Narc. 1993;45(1):47-60.
Despite a substantial reduction in the level of high-risk behaviours among injecting drug users (IDUs) documented in an impressive number of studies from many countries, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to spread among and from this population, reflecting the high baseline levels of these risk behaviours before the epidemic. In many countries, the control of HIV spread among IDUs is critical to efforts to control the epidemic in the population as a whole. Although the evaluation of individual or multiple strategies is problematic, there is accumulating evidence and increasing confidence that the course of the epidemic can be altered by implementing some or all of a range of strategies. Authorities mindful of their public health responsibilities should estimate the risk of spread of HIV among and from IDU populations in their jurisdiction and plan their response accordingly by selecting prevention measures that are appropriate for local conditions and by vigilantly monitoring developments.
尽管许多国家大量研究记录显示注射吸毒者（IDU）的高风险行为水平大幅降低，但人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染仍在该人群中传播并从该人群向外扩散，这反映出在疫情之前这些风险行为的基线水平就很高。在许多国家，控制IDU人群中的HIV传播对于控制整个人口中的疫情至关重要。尽管对单个或多个策略进行评估存在问题，但越来越多的证据和信心表明，通过实施一系列策略中的一些或全部，可以改变疫情的发展进程。意识到其公共卫生责任的当局应估计其管辖范围内IDU人群中以及从该人群中传播HIV的风险，并通过选择适合当地情况的预防措施并密切监测发展情况来相应地规划应对措施。
