Lima E S, Bastos F I, Telles P R, Friedman S R
Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Atenção ao Uso de Drogas, University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Bull Narc. 1993;45(1):107-15.
Data from various countries show considerable variation in the rate of spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among drug injectors. Although further research is needed to predict the rate of increase of seroprevalence at Rio de Janeiro, preliminary data confirm the presence of the virus, with a seroprevalence of about 33 per cent in 1990. Issues arising from research into the probable determinants of viral spread among the thousands of drug injectors in the city are outlined in the present paper. Even before the research is completed, however, it is clear that interventions are needed to reduce further viral transmission both among drug injectors and from them to their sexual partners and offspring. Efforts should be made to prevent the population at risk from initiating the practice of drug injection, and to promote a major expansion in drug abuse treatment facilities. Drug injectors should also be encouraged to reduce the risk of their becoming infected or passing on the virus to others, through educational outreach, through the distribution of supplies that facilitate risk reduction (bleach, syringes, condoms), and through innovative approaches to behaviour change.
来自不同国家的数据显示，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）在药物注射者中的传播速度存在很大差异。尽管需要进一步研究来预测里约热内卢血清阳性率的增长速度，但初步数据证实了该病毒的存在，1990年的血清阳性率约为33%。本文概述了在对该市数千名药物注射者中病毒传播的可能决定因素进行研究时出现的问题。然而，即使在研究完成之前，显然也需要采取干预措施，以进一步减少病毒在药物注射者之间以及从他们传播给其性伴侣和后代的情况。应努力防止高危人群开始药物注射行为，并推动大幅扩大药物滥用治疗设施。还应鼓励药物注射者通过开展教育宣传、分发有助于降低风险的用品（漂白剂、注射器、避孕套）以及采用创新的行为改变方法，来降低他们感染病毒或将病毒传播给他人的风险。
