Van Dongen J M, Kooyman J, Visser W J, Holt S J, Galjaard H
Histochem J. 1977 Jan;9(1):61-75. doi: 10.1007/BF01007009.
The activity and ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase and esterase has been studied in normal rat intestine and after the increased crypt cell proliferation that occurs during recovery after 400 rad X-irradiation. Alkaline phosphatase activity is not present in crypt cells of normal intestine, but becomes apparent after the cell has migrated on to the villus. The enzyme is localized in the microvilli, along the lateral cell membranes and in dense bodies. Its activity increases 10 to 15-fold from the base to the tip of the villus. Morphometric analysis of the cell structures where this enzyme is localized reveals no marked changes in their relative proportions during crypt cell development. The expansion of the proliferative cell compartment along the whole length of the crypt which occurs during recovery after irradiation (72 hr after 400 rad X-irradiation) results in a marked reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity in the lower 10-15 cell positions at the base of the villus. During subsequent migration of these cells, the activity increases with cell age but normal values are not attained. From a morphometric analysis it was found that the ultrastructural development is similar to that in controls. These results suggest that during cell maturation, normal values for alkaline phosphatase activity are only attained after 10-12 hr period of maturation in a non-proliferative state and only after the cell has migrated on to the functional villus compartment. In normal intestine, esterase activity shows a 3-fold increase from the bottom to the tip of the crypt and 3 to 4-fold increase during migration up to the middle of the villus. Enzyme activity is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, the dense bodies and the perinuclear space. Morphometric analyses reveal a 2 to 3-fold increase in the absolute size of these subcellular compartments during crypt cell differentiation and a 2-fold increase at the crypt-villus junction. The relative sizes increase 1-5-fold during crypt cell differentiation and at the time of transition of the cells on to the villus. Increased crypt cell proliferation after irradiation leads to a marked decrease in esterase activity both in crypts and villi. Morphometric analyses of electron micrographs indicate that these changes in activity are not related to any changes in the subcellular structures in which the enzyme is localized. It appears that the normal development of esterase activity depends both on the functional state of the cell and its localization in the crypt or villus.
在正常大鼠肠道以及400拉德X射线照射后恢复过程中出现隐窝细胞增殖增加的情况下，对碱性磷酸酶和酯酶的活性及超微结构定位进行了研究。正常肠道的隐窝细胞中不存在碱性磷酸酶活性，但当细胞迁移到绒毛上后，该酶活性变得明显。该酶定位于微绒毛、沿细胞膜外侧以及致密小体中。其活性从绒毛底部到顶端增加10至15倍。对该酶所在细胞结构的形态计量分析显示，在隐窝细胞发育过程中，它们的相对比例没有明显变化。照射后恢复期间（400拉德X射线照射后72小时），沿隐窝全长的增殖细胞区室扩大，导致绒毛底部下方10 - 15个细胞位置的碱性磷酸酶活性显著降低。在这些细胞随后的迁移过程中，活性随细胞年龄增加，但未达到正常值。通过形态计量分析发现，超微结构发育与对照组相似。这些结果表明，在细胞成熟过程中，碱性磷酸酶活性的正常值仅在细胞处于非增殖状态成熟10 - 12小时后，且仅在细胞迁移到功能性绒毛区室后才能达到。在正常肠道中，酯酶活性从隐窝底部到顶端增加3倍，在迁移到绒毛中部的过程中增加3至4倍。酶活性定位于内质网、致密小体和核周间隙。形态计量分析显示，在隐窝细胞分化过程中，这些亚细胞区室的绝对大小增加2至3倍，在隐窝 - 绒毛交界处增加2倍。在隐窝细胞分化期间以及细胞过渡到绒毛时，相对大小增加1 - 5倍。照射后隐窝细胞增殖增加导致隐窝和绒毛中的酯酶活性显著降低。对电子显微镜照片的形态计量分析表明，活性的这些变化与酶所在亚细胞结构的任何变化无关。看来酯酶活性的正常发育既取决于细胞的功能状态，也取决于其在隐窝或绒毛中的定位。
