Krebs J W, Strine T W, Childs J E
Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993 Dec 15;203(12):1718-31.
In 1992, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. The 2 epizootics of rabies in raccoons (Northeastern/mid-Atlantic region and Southeastern region) are now approaching convergence in North Carolina (49 reported cases of rabies in 1992). Massachusetts (57 cases), New York City (41 cases), and New Hampshire (10 cases) became new additions to the epizootic in the Northeast, with Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont the only states in the region without cases associated with the raccoon strain of rabies. The state of New York (including New York City) reported 1,761 cases (79% in raccoons) of rabies, the largest number ever recorded for any state. Increases attributable to epizootics of rabies in other species were reported by Alaska (25 cases in 1992, compared with 12 in 1991, mainly attributable to rabies in foxes) and Kansas (374 cases in 1992, compared with 63 in 1991, mainly attributable to rabies in skunks). Reported cases of rabies in coyotes (75) increased 50% over those for 1991 (50 cases). In the southern portion of Texas (reporting 70 of the 75 cases in coyotes), there was a similar increase (55%) in reported cases of rabies in dogs, whereas nationally, reported cases of rabies in dogs (182) increased 17%. Twenty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1992, compared with 16 states in 1991. Hawaii was the only state that did not report a case of rabies in 1992.
1992年,49个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各向疾病控制与预防中心报告了8644例非人类动物狂犬病病例和1例人类狂犬病病例。近92%(7912例)为野生动物,这是有记录以来报告的野生动物数量最多的一年,而8.5%(732例)为家养动物。报告的病例总数比1991年(6975例)增加了23.9%,大部分增加是由于浣熊狂犬病的持续传播。浣熊的两次狂犬病流行(东北部/大西洋中部地区和东南部地区)目前在北卡罗来纳州(1992年报告了49例狂犬病病例)接近汇合。马萨诸塞州(57例)、纽约市(41例)和新罕布什尔州(10例)成为东北部狂犬病流行的新发病地区,缅因州、罗德岛州和佛蒙特州是该地区仅有没有与浣熊狂犬病毒株相关病例的州。纽约州(包括纽约市)报告了1761例狂犬病病例(79%为浣熊),是任何一个州有记录以来的最高数字。阿拉斯加(1992年有25例,1991年为12例,主要归因于狐狸狂犬病)和堪萨斯州(1992年有374例,1991年为63例,主要归因于臭鼬狂犬病)报告了其他物种狂犬病流行导致的病例增加。报告的郊狼狂犬病病例(75例)比1991年(50例)增加了50%。在得克萨斯州南部(郊狼的75例病例中有70例在此报告),犬类狂犬病报告病例也有类似的增加(55%),而在全国范围内,报告的犬类狂犬病病例(182例)增加了17%。与1991年的16个州相比,1992年有20个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各报告动物狂犬病病例有所减少。夏威夷是1992年唯一没有报告狂犬病病例的州。