Psychopharmacologic treatment of panic, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia.

The anxiety disorders discussed in this article are common, affecting 5% to 10% of the general population. They may cause significant distress and disability and are often complicated by substance abuse and depression. Fortunately, these disorders can be treated successfully in the majority of patients, with alleviation of the most distressing symptoms and significant improvement in occupational and social functioning. Systematic research studies during the past decade have identified both specific medication-responsive anxiety syndromes and a variety of psychopharmacologic agents effective in their management. Psychopharmacologic treatment, often in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapies, can be tailored for the individual patient based on that patient's specific anxiety syndrome, comorbid disorders, and vulnerability to side effects. Careful monitoring of target symptoms can be used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Future research will help to develop new classes of antianxiety agents for currently treatment-resistant patients, and to investigate further the necessary duration of psychopharmacologic treatment.