Tucker J A, Gladsjo J A
Department of Psychology, Auburn University, AL 36849.
Addict Behav. 1993 Sep-Oct;18(5):529-42. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(93)90069-l.
Most problem drinkers do not seek formal treatment, yet some achieve problem resolution without it. This research investigated variables related to help-seeking and to long-term drinking outcomes in a 3 x 2 factorial design, using 126 problem drinkers who varied in their help-seeking history (no assistance, A.A. only, or treatment plus A.A.) and current drinking status (abstinent more than 6 months or engaging in problem drinking). Dependent variables included alcohol-related negative consequences, dependence symptoms, drinking patterns, other drug use, and demographic characteristics. Formal treatment utilization was associated with greater psychosocial dysfunction, especially in interpersonal relationships, and with greater nonprescribed drug use. Alcohol dependence levels were not related to help-seeking, but higher levels were associated with an abstinent drinking status. Abstinent subjects also showed some evidence of greater social stability, but demographic variables, including gender, did not otherwise differentiate the groups. These findings suggest that help-seeking and attainment of abstinence are somewhat independent processes, but that both relate more to the functional consequences of problem drinking than to stable drinker characteristics.
大多数有饮酒问题的人不会寻求正规治疗，但有些人在没有治疗的情况下也解决了饮酒问题。本研究采用3×2析因设计，对126名有饮酒问题的人进行了调查，这些人的求助经历（未接受任何帮助、仅参加戒酒互助会或接受治疗并参加戒酒互助会）和当前饮酒状况（戒酒超过6个月或仍有饮酒问题）各不相同。因变量包括与酒精相关的负面后果、依赖症状、饮酒模式、其他药物使用情况以及人口统计学特征。接受正规治疗与更大的心理社会功能障碍有关，尤其是在人际关系方面，也与更多地使用非处方药物有关。酒精依赖程度与是否寻求帮助无关，但较高的酒精依赖程度与戒酒状态有关。戒酒者还表现出社会稳定性更高的一些迹象，但包括性别在内的人口统计学变量在其他方面并未区分不同组。这些发现表明，寻求帮助和实现戒酒在一定程度上是独立的过程，但两者都更多地与饮酒问题的功能后果有关，而不是与稳定的饮酒者特征有关。
