Tucker J A
Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA.
Addiction. 1995 Jun;90(6):805-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.9068057.x.
This study investigated variables predicting different help-seeking patterns (no treatment, AA participation only, or treatment plus AA participation) by problem drinkers who had maintained stable abstinence (n = 57). Collaterals verified subjects' help-seeking and drinking status. Help-seeking was predicted by greater alcohol-related psycho-social problems, especially in interpersonal relationships, but was not associated with heavier drinking practices or demographic characteristics. Subjects' belief that they could solve their own problem deterred help-seeking, whereas relationship problems and being unable to quit on one's own facilitated help-seeking. Additional incentives specific to AA were its privacy, anonymity, spiritual aspects, opportunities to help other problem drinkers, and the convenient meetings held at times typically spent drinking. Many subjects became abstinent before they sought help, especially from treatment programs. These findings implicate interpersonal factors as primary incentives for help-seeking and suggest that interventions often consolidate, rather than initiate, positive changes in drinking practices.
本研究调查了维持稳定戒酒状态的问题饮酒者（n = 57）寻求不同帮助模式（不接受治疗、仅参加戒酒互助会或治疗加参加戒酒互助会）的预测变量。旁证核实了受试者的求助和饮酒状况。与酒精相关的更多心理社会问题，尤其是人际关系方面的问题，可预测求助行为，但与更严重的饮酒行为或人口统计学特征无关。受试者认为自己能够解决自身问题的信念阻碍了求助行为，而人际关系问题和无法自行戒酒则促使他们寻求帮助。戒酒互助会的其他特殊诱因包括其保密性、匿名性、精神层面、帮助其他问题饮酒者的机会，以及在通常用于饮酒的时间段举行的便捷聚会。许多受试者在寻求帮助之前，尤其是在寻求治疗项目的帮助之前就已戒酒。这些发现表明人际因素是求助行为的主要诱因，并表明干预措施通常巩固而非启动饮酒行为的积极变化。
