Wilkinson S M
Skin Hospital, Manchester, UK.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994 Jan;19(1):1-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01106.x.
Contact hypersensitivity from topical corticosteroids is becoming increasingly recognized; it is present in 2-5% of the patients attending contact dermatitis clinics. The use of a corticosteroid series containing tixocortal pivalate 1% (petrolatum), to detect hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone, and other steroids 1% (ethanol), depending on local corticosteroid usage, detects the majority of cases of corticosteroid hypersensitivity. In selected cases, the use of intradermal tests further improves the diagnosis of corticosteroid hypersensitivity. Corticosteroid hypersensitivity occurs most frequently among patients with stasis dermatitis. However, corticosteroid hypersensitivity is also common in other types of dermatitis, occurring as frequently as hypersensitivity to several allergens (e.g. wool alcohols and colophony) in the European standard battery. Although hypersensitivity has mainly been reported with corticosteroids applied to the skin, reactions may also occur on mucosal surfaces, following systemic administration and with sex steroids.
外用糖皮质激素引起的接触性过敏反应越来越受到关注；在接触性皮炎门诊就诊的患者中，有2% - 5%存在这种情况。使用含1%匹伐硫考的松（凡士林）的糖皮质激素系列制剂来检测对氢化可的松的过敏反应，以及根据当地糖皮质激素的使用情况使用含1%其他类固醇（乙醇）的制剂，可检测出大多数糖皮质激素过敏病例。在某些特定情况下，皮内试验的使用可进一步提高糖皮质激素过敏的诊断准确性。糖皮质激素过敏在淤积性皮炎患者中最为常见。然而，糖皮质激素过敏在其他类型的皮炎中也很常见，其发生率与欧洲标准筛查组合中对几种变应原（如羊毛醇和松香）的过敏反应发生率相当。虽然主要报道的是皮肤外用糖皮质激素引起的过敏反应，但在黏膜表面、全身给药后以及使用性激素时也可能发生反应。
