Spillmann L
Neurologische Universitätsklinik mit Abteilung für Neurophysiologie, Freiburg, Germany.
Perception. 1993;22(3):287-308. doi: 10.1068/p220287.
Moiré patterns can produce striking movement effects and in more complex stimuli can induce vivid stereoscopic depth. The physical rules underlying these phenomena are reviewed and their relationship to psychophysics is discussed. First, it is shown how moirés in 'optical line interference' patterns are created by superimposing periodic visual stimuli, eg gratings, and shifting them relative to each other. When two gratings are presented in this manner, small differences in spatial frequency, orientation, and speed are magnified. This magnification has prompted the use of moiré patterns both in industry and in art where their enhanced sensitivity to misalignment and spatial distortion has been widely exploited. Next, it is demonstrated how enhanced depth in 'stereoscopic interference' patterns is produced by presenting grating stimuli in two (or more) depth planes. The perceived depth effect in the resulting moiré pattern can be elicited similarly by binocular disparity and motion parallax. Finally, it is described how perceived movements occurring in different directions and at different depths are the basis for the perceptual 'irritations' that fascinate observers in complex moiré patterns. The use of moirés for the noninvasive examination of the human retina by aliasing is discussed.
莫尔条纹能产生惊人的运动效果，在更复杂的刺激中能诱发逼真的立体深度。本文回顾了这些现象背后的物理规律，并讨论了它们与心理物理学的关系。首先，展示了“光学线干涉”图案中的莫尔条纹是如何通过叠加周期性视觉刺激（如光栅）并使它们相对移动而产生的。当以这种方式呈现两个光栅时，空间频率、方向和速度上的微小差异会被放大。这种放大促使莫尔条纹在工业和艺术领域得到应用，在这些领域中，它们对不对准和空间畸变的增强敏感性得到了广泛利用。接下来，演示了如何通过在两个（或更多）深度平面上呈现光栅刺激来产生“立体干涉”图案中的增强深度。在产生的莫尔条纹图案中，感知到的深度效应可以通过双眼视差和运动视差以类似的方式引发。最后，描述了在不同方向和不同深度发生的感知运动是如何成为复杂莫尔条纹图案中吸引观察者的感知“刺激”的基础。还讨论了利用莫尔条纹通过混叠对人类视网膜进行无创检查的应用。
