Yamamoto J, Silva J A, Sasao T, Wang C, Nguyen L
UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute 90024-1759.
Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Jul;150(7):1059-62. doi: 10.1176/ajp.150.7.1059.
Alcoholism is a problem of worldwide concern. Full appreciation of this international problem requires that adequate diagnostic measures be constructed and that comparable measures for different cultures be available so that valid differences in prevalence across cultures can be detected. A Spanish-language version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) has been used for epidemiologic studies of alcohol abuse and dependence in Los Angeles Mexican-Americans and mainland Puerto Ricans, and the authors used the same instrument to conduct a similar study in Peru.
A population sample (N = 815) from the Independencia district of Lima, Peru, was chosen for interviews with a revised form of the Spanish translation of the DIS. Lifetime prevalence rates of alcoholism and other DSM-III diagnoses were determined.
The prevalence of alcohol abuse or dependence was higher among the men (34.80%) than among the women (2.46%), but the onset for women was earlier. Alcoholism was strongly associated with antisocial personality disorder and with drug abuse or dependence.
The prevalence of alcoholism for the Peruvian men is higher than prevalences for men in U.S. studies, but the prevalence among the Peruvian women is one of the lowest reported. The high prevalence among men is likely due to cultural mores but may also be linked to the stresses found in impoverished societies undergoing rapid social, cultural, and economic change.
酒精中毒是一个全球关注的问题。要充分认识这一国际性问题，需要构建适当的诊断措施，并提供适用于不同文化的可比措施，以便能够检测出不同文化中患病率的有效差异。西班牙语版的诊断访谈表（DIS）已用于对洛杉矶墨西哥裔美国人及波多黎各本土居民的酒精滥用和依赖情况进行流行病学研究，作者使用同一工具在秘鲁开展了类似研究。
从秘鲁利马独立区选取了一个样本群体（N = 815），使用DIS西班牙语翻译的修订版进行访谈。确定了酒精中毒及其他《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）诊断的终生患病率。
男性酒精滥用或依赖的患病率（34.80%）高于女性（2.46%），但女性发病更早。酒精中毒与反社会人格障碍以及药物滥用或依赖密切相关。
秘鲁男性酒精中毒的患病率高于美国研究中的男性患病率，但秘鲁女性的患病率是所报告的最低患病率之一。男性患病率高可能归因于文化习俗，但也可能与正经历快速社会、文化和经济变革的贫困社会中存在的压力有关。
