Gross R
Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (Biozentrum), Universität Würzburg, FRG.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1993 Apr;10(3-4):301-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05873.x.
Pathogens have developed many strategies for survival in animals and humans which possess very effective defense mechanisms. Although there are many different ways, in which pathogenic bacteria solved the problem to overcome the host defense, some common features of virulence mechanisms can be detected even in phylogenetically very distant bacteria (Finlay and Falkow (1989) Microb. Rev. 6, 1375-1383). One important feature is that the regulation of expression of virulence factors and the exact timing of their expression is very important for many of the pathogenic bacteria, as most of them have to encounter different growth situations during an infection cycle, which require a fast adaptation to the new situation by the expression of different factors. This review gives an overview about the mechanisms used by pathogenic bacteria to accomplish the difficult task of regulation of their virulence potential in response to environmental changes. In addition, the relationship of these virulence regulatory systems with other signal transduction mechanisms not involved in pathogenicity is discussed.
病原体已发展出许多在动物和人类中生存的策略，而动物和人类拥有非常有效的防御机制。尽管致病细菌解决克服宿主防御问题的方式多种多样，但即使在系统发育上相距甚远的细菌中，也能检测到毒力机制的一些共同特征（芬利和法尔科夫（1989年）《微生物学评论》6，1375 - 1383）。一个重要特征是，毒力因子表达的调控及其表达的确切时间对许多致病细菌非常重要，因为它们中的大多数在感染周期中必须面对不同的生长情况，这需要通过表达不同的因子快速适应新情况。本综述概述了致病细菌用于完成响应环境变化调节其毒力潜能这一艰巨任务的机制。此外，还讨论了这些毒力调节系统与其他不参与致病性的信号转导机制之间的关系。
