Scalmati A, Lipkin M
Irving Weinstein Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Mar;99:169-73. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9399169.
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Because its prognosis is relatively unaffected by improvements in surgery and chemotherapy, increasing interest has recently been directed toward chemoprevention. Intermediate biomarkers of abnormal cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression have recently been identified and have served to measure effects of chemopreventive agents in rodent models and in short-term human clinical trials. Alterations in cell proliferation and differentiation have been found in preneoplastic diseases and in normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of patients at increased risk for malignancy. Several techniques are available for measuring these alterations, and standardization and comparison of different methods are underway to assess the utility of various intermediate biomarkers in chemoprevention studies.
在西方国家，结直肠癌是发病和死亡的主要原因之一。由于其预后相对不受手术和化疗改善的影响，最近人们对化学预防的兴趣日益增加。最近已经鉴定出细胞增殖、分化和基因表达异常的中间生物标志物，这些标志物已用于在啮齿动物模型和短期人体临床试验中测量化学预防剂的效果。在癌前疾病以及恶性肿瘤风险增加患者的外观正常的结直肠黏膜中发现了细胞增殖和分化的改变。有几种技术可用于测量这些改变，目前正在对不同方法进行标准化和比较，以评估各种中间生物标志物在化学预防研究中的效用。
