Chalmers K I
Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 1993 Jun;18(6):900-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18060900.x.
Searching out health needs and stimulating clients' awareness of health needs are two key principles of health visiting practice. However, there is little empirically based knowledge of how health visitors carry out these functions in their daily work. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse health visitors' work in searching for health needs and promoting clients' awareness and actions in response to professionally identified needs. Forty-five health visitors were interviewed by means of semi-structured, conversational interviews. Findings identified that searching for health needs occurred in four types of situations. These were needs that were (a) client initiated, (b) easily seen, (c) 'opened up' by the health visitor, and (d) suspected and hidden. Several processes were involved in searching for needs and stimulating clients' awareness and actions, including: questioning, using illustrations from other client situations, normalizing, assigning homework, assessing and intervening while searching, and responding to cues. Timing played an important part in when and how interventions to search out needs occurred. This study contributes to our understanding of how health visitors work in the community to promote individual and family health.
找出健康需求并激发服务对象对健康需求的意识是健康访视实践的两个关键原则。然而，关于健康访视人员在日常工作中如何履行这些职责，基于实证的知识却很少。本文旨在描述和分析健康访视人员在寻找健康需求以及促进服务对象对专业确定需求的认识和行动方面的工作。通过半结构化的对话访谈对45名健康访视人员进行了访谈。研究结果表明，寻找健康需求发生在四种情况下。这些需求分别是：(a) 由服务对象提出的需求；(b) 容易发现的需求；(c) 由健康访视人员 “引发” 的需求；(d) 疑似和隐藏的需求。寻找需求以及激发服务对象的意识和行动涉及多个过程，包括：提问、引用其他服务对象情况的示例、常态化、布置作业、在寻找需求时进行评估和干预以及对线索做出回应。时机在何时以及如何进行寻找需求的干预方面起着重要作用。这项研究有助于我们理解健康访视人员在社区中如何开展工作以促进个人和家庭健康。
