Simonds R J, Oxtoby M J, Caldwell M B, Gwinn M L, Rogers M F
Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA. 1993 Jul 28;270(4):470-3.
To describe epidemiologic characteristics of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to guide prevention efforts.
National acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance of children aged 0 through 12 years, a multisite surveillance study of HIV infection in children aged 0 through 12 years, and the national HIV serosurvey of childbearing women.
Surveillance conducted by state and local health departments and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1982 through 1992.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported in 1374 (37%) of 3665 perinatally acquired AIDS cases. Over half of these cases occurred between 3 and 6 months of age. In 183 (64%) of 275 PCP cases reported in the special surveillance study, PCP was the first or only AIDS-defining condition diagnosed, and in 44% of cases, the child had not been evaluated for HIV infection before diagnosis of PCP. The estimated median survival after diagnosis of PCP was 19 months.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common and serious opportunistic infection that affects young children with HIV infection. Effective efforts to prevent PCP in this population will require identification as early as possible of children who may be infected with HIV.
描述围生期获得性人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染儿童中卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）的流行病学特征，以指导预防工作。
对0至12岁儿童的全国获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）监测、一项对0至12岁儿童HIV感染的多地点监测研究以及对育龄妇女的全国HIV血清学调查。
由州和地方卫生部门进行监测，并于1982年至1992年报告给疾病控制和预防中心。
在3665例围生期获得性AIDS病例中，有1374例（37%）报告患有卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎。其中一半以上的病例发生在3至6个月龄之间。在专项监测研究报告的275例PCP病例中，有183例（64%）PCP是首个或唯一被诊断出的AIDS定义疾病，且在44%的病例中，儿童在PCP诊断前未接受过HIV感染评估。PCP诊断后的估计中位生存期为19个月。
卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎是一种常见且严重的机会性感染，影响HIV感染的幼儿。要在该人群中有效预防PCP，需要尽早识别可能感染HIV的儿童。
