Associations between major histocompatibility complex genes and production traits in White Leghorns.

The frequency of the MHC haplotype B15 had been found in a previous study to be more than two times higher in a White Leghorn line selected for high egg production compared with the unselected control strain. To further evaluate these findings, matings were performed between chickens with the same heterozygous B genotypes, being combinations of the most frequent haplotypes, i.e., B15, B19, and B21. In total, more than 1,300 observations from two generations were analyzed. In each generation, approximately one half of the chickens were derived from the line selected for total egg mass, the other half from the control strain. The MHC genotypes were determined serologically. Additive and dominance effects of B haplotypes on production traits were analyzed using an individual animal model. The estimation of genotypic values, together with the analysis of gene substitution effects, showed that the B15 haplotype was associated with early sexual maturity and low egg production during the late production period, i.e., between 43 and 63 wk of age, whereas B19 was associated with later onset of sexual maturity. The association of B15 with early sexual maturity would thus explain the high frequency of the B15 haplotype previously observed in a line selected for high early egg production. No dominance effect of the B system was observed for any of the traits, suggesting that the present results were due predominantly to additive gene effects.